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|death_place = Berkeley, California, USA |field = ChemistryBiology |work_institution = |alma_mater = Michigan College of Mining and Technology University of Minnesota |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |academic_advisors = Michael Polanyi |known_for = Calvin cycle |prizes = |spouse=Genevieve Elle Jemtegaard (m. 1942; 3 children) (d.1987) }} Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 – January 8, 1997) was an American chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley. == Life == Calvin was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of Elias Calvin and Rose Herwitz,〔http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf〕 Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire. His father was born in Lithuania (then part of Russian Empire) and his mother in Georgia (also part of Russian Empire). As a small child Calvin's family moved to Detroit; he graduated from Central High School in 1928.〔http://www.bookrags.com/biography/melvin-calvin/〕 Melvin Calvin earned his Bachelor of Science from the Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now known as Michigan Technological University) in 1931 and his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1935. He then spent the next four years doing postdoctoral work at the University of Manchester. He married Marie Genevieve Jemtegaard in 1942,〔 and they had three children, two daughters and a son. Calvin joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 1937 and was promoted to Professor of Chemistry in 1947. Using the carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin, Andrew Benson and James Bassham mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis, starting from its absorption as atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. In doing so, Calvin, Benson and Bassham showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacturing of organic compounds, rather than on carbon dioxide as was previously believed. Calvin was the sole recipient of the 1961 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for what is sometimes known as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle. Calvin wrote an autobiography three decades later titled ''Following the Trail of Light: A Scientific Odyssey''.〔 〕 During the 1950s he was among the first members of the Society for General Systems Research. In 1963 he was given the additional title of Professor of Molecular Biology. He was founder and Director of the Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics and simultaneously Associate Director of Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, where he conducted much of his research until his retirement in 1980. In his final years of active research, he studied the use of oil-producing plants as renewable sources of energy. He also spent many years testing the chemical evolution of life and wrote a book on the subject that was published in 1969.〔Calvin, Melvin. ''Chemical evolution: molecular evolution towards the origin of living systems on the earth and elsewhere.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969. ISBN 0-19-855342-0.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Melvin Calvin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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